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2 Day Course
Updates added in 2010!
After more than 20 years of development, flash is hitting the mainstream and changing the data storage industry. Component suppliers, drive manufacturers, and systems companies are striving to make the reliable, high-speed, low-power promise of solid-state drives (SSDs) a reality at a low-cost. This course details what is behind the challenges for achieving this goal and the ways the industry is attempting to surmount them.
This two-day seminar from KnowledgeTek provides engineers, managers, executives, and technicians a clear understanding of the concepts, possibilities, and drawbacks of flash-based storage in general, and SSDs in particular. It is presented for those with a technical background, but not necessarily a deep knowledge of semiconductors or data storage devices. You will learn how SSDs work; how flash works; how flash is changing the storage industry; skepticism for claims of reliability, low-cost, and low-power; limitations for flash’s future in SSDs; and what is poised to replace it.
Storage Overview
Requirements of a Storage System
Storage Hierarchy
Performance Metrics
The Storage Industry: Why Flash?
Why Now?
SSD Basics
Writing and Reading
Architectures and Components
Date Layout
More than a Hard Disk Drive Replacement
Flash Basics
Semiconductor memory
High-level Structure and Terminology
- Planes, Blocks, Pages
- NAND and NOR
- Erase, Program, Read
- SLC and MLC
- Wear-leveling
Markets
Typical Specs
Non-SSD Flash Storage
Removable
Embedded
Hybrid Hard Drive
Flash Cells
Transistor Structure and Function
The Floating Gate Device
Program and Erase
Dimensions and Materials
Flash Fabrication and Testing
ITRS Roadmap
Minimum Feature Size
Semiconductor Manufacturing Overview
Memory Testing
Erasing, Programming, and Reading
Data Layout
Block Erase
Incremental Step Pulse Programming (ISPP) |
Reading with Sense Amplifiers Errors
- Read Disturb
- Program Disturb
PRML for Flash?
Data Formats and ECC (Error Correction Coding)
Spare Area Layouts
Overview of Detection and Correction
Capability through Parity
The Parity Check Matrix and Syndromes
Linear Cyclic Block Encoding and Decoding
Overview of Alternative Techniques
- BCH
- Reed-Solomon
- Soft-Decision
- LDPC
Wear-Leveling
Wear Mechanisms in Flash
Static and Dynamic Wear-Leveling
Steps in a Typical Application
Relation to Data Retention
Interfaces and File Systems
NVMHCI (Non-Volatile Memory Host
Controller Interface)
ONFI (Open NAND Flash Interface)
FTL (Flash Translation Layer)
FFS (Flash File System)
SATA
PCI Express
Future Trends
Another Technology Transition
Next Steps
Possible NAND Flash Replacements
The Winning Combination
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