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Updates added in 2013!
SSDs and flash caches are rapidly changing the data storage industry. Embedded flash in mobile devices is changing the way we live. Treating these storage devices as “black boxes” limits the performance and reliability that can be obtained from them. This class clearly explains what’s inside the box!
Flash has undergone more than 30 years of development, but the recent rates-of-change of its technology and its use have brought it to the forefront of modern storage infrastructure. This 2-day technology training seminar from KnowledgeTek provides engineers, managers, executives, and technicians the details, and the big picture, about what is behind the benefits and challenges that flash brings – and what is being done about them! It is presented for those with a technical background, but not necessarily a deep knowledge of semiconductors or data storage devices. You will learn how SSDs work; how flash works; how flash is changing the storage industry; skepticism for claims of reliability, low-cost, and low-power; limitations for flash’s future in storage; and what is poised to replace it.

Overview of Solid-Sate Storage Terminology Types of Data The Promise and the Problems The Device Determines the System Flash Technology Fundamentals Flash Architecture and Functions Flash Cell Operation SLC, MLC, and TLC Flash Specification The Flash Industry Competing Alternatives to Floating Gate Flash FeRAM Phase Change Memory (PCM) Resistive RAM - Cross-point Architecture - Sneak Current and Access Device - Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJ) - MRAM - Spin-Torque Transfer (STT-RAM) - Filament - Memristor Inside Flash Cells Structures, and Functions Materials Energy Barriers Quantum Effects Flash Process Trends Process Trends NAND vs. NOR Architectures The Flash Array Cell Dimensions Flash Process Geometry Foundations Wrap-Around Cell vs. Planar Cell Charge-Trap Flash (CTF) Wear Leveling Wear Mechanism Garbage Collection Static and Dynamic Wear Leveling Write Amplification Over Provisioning Data Access Storage Tiers Data Access - IOPS, Bandwidth (MBps), and Latency Performance Testing Understanding SSD Specifications SSD Architecture SSD Form Factors SSD Architecture Evolution Typical SSD Specification SSD Manufacturing and Testing

Non-SSD Flash Storage Growing Role of Solid-State Storage Beyond HDD Replacement New Form Factors, Same Function Hybrid Storage Flash Cache Matching Capability to Application Programming, Erasing, and Reading Sense Amplifiers and Reading Programming MLC and TLC Endurance, Retention, and Page-Dependent Errors eMLC NAND Disturbs Capacitive Coupling and Pre-compensation Error Correction Coding (ECC) Spare Area Layouts BER, RBER, UBER ECC Fundamentals - How parity works - BCH and Reed Solomon Correction Capability Requirement LDPC Introduction to Interfaces NAND Interfaces - ONFi Test Specifications - JEDEC - SPC Drive Interfaces - SATA - PCIe - SATA Express - NVMe - File Systems Preparing for 3D Flash Stacking, TSV, WidelO The ITRS Roadmap Architectures/Approaches Breakeven Point Obstacles to Overcome Future Trends 3D Challenges Storage Infrastructure Environmental Opportunities Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) Data Recovery Scaling Trends and Additional Alternative Technologies Key Lessons for the Future

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